tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90029549161056515622024-03-13T08:52:52.285-07:00FIRE AND ICESarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-80043467654253655432012-10-29T02:11:00.003-07:002012-10-29T02:25:34.945-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: Tarnation <br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tarnation </span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKI7uO1JnR7e2nRTovoP4acdbrFNI2feynljjapUmWaKz_ZUJEHqQMqijYj4x3zX5PydY4oaVdqdNw6ETCucFNx0DPo2YKNGP3kkxp_xxEvu3cMc6jxkzi69QP0gvATdiAFZGzz2fSO_BO/s1600/tarnation1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKI7uO1JnR7e2nRTovoP4acdbrFNI2feynljjapUmWaKz_ZUJEHqQMqijYj4x3zX5PydY4oaVdqdNw6ETCucFNx0DPo2YKNGP3kkxp_xxEvu3cMc6jxkzi69QP0gvATdiAFZGzz2fSO_BO/s320/tarnation1.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Plot Summary:</span></u></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><u><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This is a self-portrait documentary about Jon’s life
struggles with his </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">own depersonalization disorder and with his mother’s, Renee,
bipolar and schizophrenia. This film analysis is, however, focused on Renee,
whose life started out as a beautiful child model. After she fell off from the
roof, she is never the same again. She is subjected to hundreds of shock
therapy in which Jon believe to be unnecessary and damaging treatment that
cause his mother mental illness. Tarnation well illustrates those effects of
the brain damage, traumatic abuse, and her current schizoaffective disorder.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Disorder:<i> </i></span></u></b><i><u><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Schizoaffective disorder</span></i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> involves the symptoms of
schizophrenia and a mood disorder. It is a subtype of schizophrenia—a psychotic
disorder in which disturbed thought processes, distorted perceptions, unusual
emotions, and motor abnormalities deteriorates functioning <w:sdt citation="t" id="253171558"><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CITATION Com10 \l 1033<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Comer, 2010)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--></w:sdt>. Common symptoms
include delusion, hallucination, and other disturbances in thought, perception
and behavior, inappropriate affect, blunt and flat emotion, and impaired social
skills (Student Notes).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From the movie, Renee is delusional,
for examples, she believed that her parents were not her real parents and that
Elizabeth Taylor was her mother. She also believed that she was physically
abused as a child. She believed that her parents, Rosemary and Adolph, are
psychotic, neurotic, schizophrenic, and that they lock her up in the closet for
days and whip her. Also, she had disorganized thinking speech clearly shown in
the illogical and peculiar conversation with the husband. Moreover, lithium is
a mood stabilizing drug that serves as a treatment for bipolar disorder. The
fact that she had lithium overdose suggests that she is also bipolar. People
with bipolar disorder experience both the high of mania and the crash of
depression. Manic period could be depicted, for example, when she has decreased
need for sleep, increased energy, the mood of exaggerated joy, more talks,
laughter, and self-understood jokes than usual (with the pumpkin and other
objects), and racing thoughts and experiences. It is possible that she knew her
cycle and that she went back to the hospital before she was depressed. This
confirms me that she has a schizoaffective disorder that involves schizophrenia
and bipolar disorder.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Causes:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (1) Renee
could inherit that biological predisposition to schizophrenic and develop the
disorder later after facing the extreme stressors of shock therapy, rape,
marital abuse, extended stays in mental hospital. (2) Moreover, schizophrenia
is related to biochemical factor. She could have abnormal activity or interactions
of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to Freud, schizophrenic develops from the regression to a pre-ego stage and
effort to reestablish ego control <w:sdt citation="t" id="4786782"><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CITATION
Com10 \l 1033 <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Comer, 2010)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--></w:sdt>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Behavioral – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It
could be the result of faulty learning. Renee could receive very little
reinforcement as a child and pay more attention to irrelevant matters. From
there, her behavior appears abnormal. In mental institution, she could have
been labeled in this way and may act accordingly to that label. Abnormal
behaviors may be rewards by sympathy and attention, resulting in reinforcement
and eventually are labeled as schizophrenic.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cognitive – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">People
develop delusional thinking when they try to understand their unusual
experiences, strange biological sensation. Renee could start with experiencing
some kind of hallucination as a result from biological sensation, and later try
to understand and make sense of those strange sensations, and eventually develop
into misinterpretations and delusion that she is being persecuted.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Antipsychotic with antidepressant for <span style="background: white;">depressed schizoaffective
patients</span> or with mood-stabilizing drug (Lithium) for the manic. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychotherapy – <i>Cognitive behavioral therapy</i> (CBT) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">for schizophrenia is to guide patients to
more accurate interpretation of their experiences. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Family & Social Therapy</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> can also be very effective. People with schizoaffective disorder can
actually discuss with others their real-life problem.</span></span></div>
Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-71001070746706949282012-10-29T02:08:00.003-07:002012-10-29T02:56:22.191-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: The Silence of the Lambs <br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Silence of the Lambs </span></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This
film is about a F.B.I trainee from the behavioral unit, Starling, who is
assigned to seek advice and psychological insight from the imprisoned
psychopath, Dr. Lecture, who used to be a psychiatrist, in order to catch a
psycho serial killer so called “Buffalo Bill” who kidnaps, murders, and skins
off female victim. As Buffalo Bill was pursuing his plan on the latest victim who
happened to be the senator’s daughter, Catherine, The Silence of the Lambs clearly
illustrates his symptoms of the following disorders: Antisocial and histrionic
personality disorder, Transvestic fetishism, Autogynephilic transsexualism.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disorder: <o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Antisocial personality disorder</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
is marked by pattern of disregard and violation of other’s right through
aggression and antisocial behaviors, without feeling guilt or remorse (Student
Notes). Buffalo Bill violated social norm by kidnapping and killing women. He used
false name and stayed in the house that was not his. He disregards the victim’s
safety for he lives for his own personal gain of skin. He is very aggressive
and impulsive. When Starling was suspecting him, for example, he rushed to the
basement and prepared to attack her.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Histrionic
personality disorder </span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is characterized by pattern of excessive
attention seeking, emotion instability</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, and self-dramatization (Student
Notes). Seeking to become a woman and targeting on a senator’s daughter shows
his desire for complete attention. He is also very dramatic, in the scene “It
rubs the lotion on its skin. It does this whenever it’s told. It puts the
lotion on its skin, or else it gets the hose again. Now it places the lotion in
the basket”. He has excessive emotionality, for examples, when Catherina
started screaming or crying, so did Buffalo Bill. He is, as well, lively and
seductive in his own way.</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Transvestic
fetishism </span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is known as cross-dressing.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Buffalo
Bills enjoyed makeup and dressing up in women’s cloth. He had entire secret
basement filled with women clothing including the one that he was making out of
victims’ skin.<i> </i>He also had, to some degree, <i>Fetishism </i>— sexual
interest that centers on a nonliving object or non sexual body part (Student
Notes). Example is in one of the scene where Buffalo Bill sighed with ecstasy
when he touched and felt Catherine skin at the back after he knocked her out in
the van. His obsess with women skin suggests that he gets some sort of
recurrent sexual urges from it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <i>Transsexualism
</i>is remarked by strong and persistent cross-gender identification and
persistent discomfort with one’s biological sex or inappropriateness in the
gender role of that sex (Comer, 2010). Buffalo Bill could not stand being a
man, he desired to be a woman to the point that he started killing for their
skin to make himself a female dress. He spent most of his time cross-dressing
and worked on his feminine appearance. He is an <i>Autogynephilic</i>
type—attracted to oneself as a female. He always fantasized himself as a
female, one example could be when he was dancing with his penis tucked between
his legs and posed for the camera. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Causes: </span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Buffalo
Bill’s antisocial and histrionic personality disorder could arise from low
serotonin activity and deficient functioning of frontal lobes which is
responsible for sympathy.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It
is from his “severe childhood disturbances associated with violence”, “years of
systematic abused” that makes him “hate his own identity” as quoted by Dr.
Lecture.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Behavioral – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">His
behavior is learned by modeling. He might have parents with such antisocial behaviors
and/or his parent might unintentionally reward him for such behaviors.
Cross-dressing could acquire from this operant conditioning as well (Comer,
2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Treatment:</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cognitive</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
– Cognitive deals with schemas by challenging his faulty logic, changing his
beliefs, trying to guide him to think about moral issue, and assigning
behavioral tasks.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychotherapy</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">– </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychotherapy,
hormone therapy, and sex change could help stop violence behaviors since those
behaviors could develop from the rejections of many hospital for sexual
reassignment surgery.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Behavioral –</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<b>Aversion therapy</b> may help teach him appropriate response for certain
stimuli.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-18309232835821503002012-10-29T02:06:00.002-07:002012-10-29T04:21:10.625-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: Little Miss Sunshine<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Little Miss Sunshine </span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></h2>
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<a href="http://nomorechildhood.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/little_miss_sunshine_ver5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://nomorechildhood.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/little_miss_sunshine_ver5.jpg" width="233" /></a></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> This film is about Hoover’s family, which includes the
dad Richard who always refuse to lose, the son Dwayne who refuses to talk, the
grandpa Edwin who is addicted to heroin, the uncle Frank who fails suicidal
attempt, the mom Sheryl who tries to keep the family unites together, and their
road trip to California in hope of having their daughter Olive wins the Little
Miss Sunshine beauty pageant. Here, major depressive disorder is portrayed in
Frank, however, he become better as the movie progressed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disorder:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Major
depressive disorder</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is a severe mood
disorder with people who have major depressive episode that occurs every day
for 2 weeks with at least five of the following symptoms: fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia,
decrease/increase in appetite, significant weight loss/gain, psychomotor retardation,
self-denunciation, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide (Student Notes).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In
the film, Frank suffers from MDD. By trying to escape from failures in
relationship and career, he attempted suicide by severely cutting off his
wrist. Doctors and Sheryl, from then, needed to ensure that Frank is always
around people and that he stays away from any sharp objects because he would
likely attempt suicide again. On the day being discharged from the hospital, sitting
on the wheelchair, Frank was in severe depressed mood. He seemed miserable,
sad, and helpless. Decreased appetite and lack of sleeping could be the reasons
why he seemed so dull, no energy, not at all active. Through his slow movement
and silence, he showed clear physical, mental weakness and diminished
interested in talking. Evidence is shown when Sheryl asked him to talk but he
refused with a single response, “No”. On the scene where they make a pit stop,
Frank ran into the student he fell in love with when he was a professor, from
his expression, heartache, disappointment, and humiliation hit him hard once
again. However, I believed he represses a great deal of his emotions for the
family’s sake even though he is plagued with MDD. As the movie progressed, there
is no more clear indication of him acting abnormally. <span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Having a very warm, caring, and supportive sister
who always wants to help him recover from his mental breakdown, being able to
talk with family about his life struggles, deepest suffering, being able to connect
with Dwayne who suffered similar depression, being preoccupie</span>d with
Olive’s quest all seemed to really help improve his mental state, showing that
depression can be treated with family support and time.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="a"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Causes:</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Psychosocial –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
His stressful life events—intense romantic failure, getting fired, career
disappointment, and homosexual stigma were the most probable causes.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Biological – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Frank
could inherit genetic disposition which made him more susceptible to
depression. Brain circuit and low activity level of norepinephrine and
serotonin could also be linked to major depression.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">According
to Freud, Frank has focused and unable to accept his loss. He regressed to the
oral stage of development and cannot distinguish himself from others. Then, his
introjections and incorporation comes (Student Notes).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Behavioral – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Frank’s
MDD results from the significant reduction in positive reinforcement.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cognitive –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
According to Beck’s theory, Frank had certain early experiences that lead to
formation of dysfunction beliefs, making him vulnerable to depression when the critical
stressors mentioned above serve to activate those assumptions that trigger thoughts
and in turn produce depressive symptoms (Student Notes).<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
Biological treatment is not really necessary in this case since he is getting
better without one. But if not then he should start with antidepressant drugs,
for example, the SSRIs. If it does not response then continue taking meds with
electroconvulsive therapy, or ETC.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Psychodynamic –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
Encourage Frank to associate freely during therapy, share his associations,
dreams, and displays of resistance and transference could definitely help
(Comer, 2010).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Behavioral – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Therapist
could use various strategies to increase Frank’s positive behavior, for
example, engaging him with activities that he consider pleasurable could lead
him to better mood, then, reward him correctly to his behaviors. Ignore and do
not entertain his depressive behaviors, instead, reward his constructive
behaviors and social skills (Comer, 2010)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
It is the use of systematic way to teach him to evaluate his beliefs/thoughts
(Student Notes) First, use behavioral technique by increasing his activities to
improve his mood. Second, teach him to recognize and share his automatic
negative thoughts, challenge those thoughts, and conclude the ground less
reality behind them. Third, teach him to change his style of interpretation,
recognizing the negative bias in all his interpretations of events. Last, help change
his maladaptive attitudes (Comer, 2010).</span></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Family-Social Treatments
– Interpersonal Therapy</span></span></b>Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-55534105412732411002012-10-29T02:02:00.003-07:002012-10-29T02:57:17.722-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: Fight Club<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fight Club</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMTc1ODg1NTMxNV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwOTg4Njk4._V1._SY317_CR4,0,214,317_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMTc1ODg1NTMxNV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwOTg4Njk4._V1._SY317_CR4,0,214,317_.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> This is a personal-narrated story about an insomniac, unnamed
reliability consultant of a car company, the narrator himself, and his radical
consciousness after he met a soap salesman, Tyler. Together, they formed the
Fight Club at the basement of a bar which later on Tyler took over and form the
Project Mayhem, a group of terrorists. Only toward the end the movie revealed
that both Tyler and the narrator were not two separate individuals, but rather
the same person, a person who was clearly suffering from Dissociative Identity
Disorder.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disorder:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">People
with <i>Dissociative Identity Disorder</i>, also known as <i>Multiple
Personality Disorder</i>, develop two or more distinct personalities, each with
unique set of thoughts, behaviors, emotions, and memories. Those split personalities
usually are totally opposite, cannot be integrate by patients, and they are at
some point in control. Such symptoms are not associated with medical conditions
or the use of substances (Student Notes) (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From
the movie, the narrator/Tyler suffers from DID. At the beginning of the movie,
the narrator had this intense stress all the time when a woman named Marla came
into scene, he was too timid and shy so he developed coping mechanism, that is
his alter personality, Tyler, who was very confident, charm, and outgoing.
During Tyler and Marla were having sexual relationship, the narrator was not
aware that it was himself and Marla having that relationship, not realizing
that he and Tyler were the same person, and that Tyler was his own inner urge
for that woman. Furthermore, Tyler took over narrator’s action as he was
sleeping, and the narrator had no memory of being Tyler at all. Good indication
was when he woke up in different places all the time. He had complete amnesia
of Tyler’s actions, for example, Tyler/narrator burned down his own apartment, traveled
across countries to form his own fight club, and planted bombs in different buildings
without knowing that he did. Only toward the end of the movie, the narrator
came to realized that Tyler was actually himself because people kept calling
the narrator Tyler, and telling him that he was the one giving them hand scars.
Moreover, as he was tied to a chair, seeing his imaginary identity Tyler pointed
a gun to his head, he found out that the gun was instead in his own hand. Most
of all, he showed self-mutilation which is very common in DID patients in order
stop the alter personality by eventually shot himself in the mouth to get rid
of Tyler. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Causes:</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Excessive repression, the ego defense mechanism, from traumatic childhood
events such as childhood abused has caused the disorder. The narrator could try
to fight off from bad impulses (from his job, loneliness, etc.) by
unconsciously prevent them to reach awareness and assign other personality,
Tyler (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Behavioral – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dissociation
is an escape behavior of Tyler/narrator result from reinforcement rather than
unconscious (Comer, 2010).<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Treatment:</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Little treatment is
known as the disorder is extremely complicated. I personality do not think the
below treatment would work with Tyler/the narrator case.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Stabilize &
recognize the disorder</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> – stabilize by bonding with
different identities and educate them to recognize the nature of their disorder<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Recover the memories
– </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">working
through trauma, connecting real life events, identities<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. Post integration
therapy </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– merge all the different alter personalities into
one integrated identity (Comer, 2010) (Student Notes).</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-64182180986523376932012-10-29T02:00:00.001-07:002012-10-29T02:00:46.569-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: American Beauty <br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">American Beauty </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://spectrumculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/american-beauty-poster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://spectrumculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/american-beauty-poster.jpg" width="215" /></a></div>
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<b style="line-height: 150%;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:</span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The
film is about how every character in the two families, Burnham and Fitts,
struggle to find freedom and control their own destiny, as a result of their
psychological problems, developed many poor choices and associated consequences.
The father from one of the families, Lester Burnham, was trying to escape his
stressful life through reckless behaviors of pedophilic dream and drug use whereas
the father from the other family, Frank Fitts was trying to militarily control
his family while hiding his homosexuality. This analysis is however is about Ricky
Fitts, the son of Frank, who portrayed schizotypal personality disorder
throughout the movie.</span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disorder:</span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Schizotypal
Personality Disorder</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is a personality disorder characterized
by excessively introverted with social and interpersonal deficits, cognitive
and perceptual distortion, and eccentricities in communication and behavior
(Student Notes). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From
the movie, Ricky showed schizotypal personality disorder in several ways. He
was a social outcast with odd character, peculiar appearance, blunt emotion,
and high degree of confidence. He wore strange clothes, loved strange art, and
had strange affection toward Jane. He had emotionally detached parents and a
history of severe childhood abuse that is clearly shown by how he highly respect
his father like an authority out of his fear of being hit, ending each sentence
with “sir”. Furthermore, he was obsessed with videotaping everything that he
found beautiful and interesting, however, he has this distorted concept and perception
of beauty. For example, a plastic bag dancing in the wind, a dead bird, and a
dying woman, to him, is beautiful to be filmed. Moreover, like most people with
schizotypal personality disorder, he had the symptom of bodily illusions, for
example, he sensed an external force with God, and that God is looking at him
every time he watched any dying subjects. In the ending scene when Jane’s
father was shot, he basically stared at him for many seconds and eventually
smiled. Last but not least, his conversation was vague and sounded as if he was
a very disturbed teenager. At the scene when Ricky was filming Jane complaining
about her father, Ricky seriously asked Jane if she want him to kill her father
for her. He also thought she was seriously saying yes to him but in fact she
was never serious about it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Causes:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Schizotypal
personality disorder similar to schizophrenia in that they are linked with the
high activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine, smaller temporal lopes,
enlarged brain ventricles, and loss of gray matter (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychosocial – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ricky’s
childhood abused and the emotionally detached parents are two obvious causes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cognitive – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Defect
in short-term memory and attention may be the contributing factors.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Low
dose of antipsychotic drugs can reduce Ricky’s thought problems.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychotherapy – <i>Cognitive behavioral therapy</i> (CBT) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is the combination of cognitive and
behavioral techniques can be used to help Ricky to function more effective.
Cognitive one could be teaching him to evaluate his unusual thoughts or
perceptions objectively and ignore the inappropriate one or point out the
inaccuracy of those odd ones. Behavioral deals with Ricky’s social skills
training, appropriate speech, dress, and manner, and how to be comfortable
around others (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Family & Social Therapy</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> can also be very effective. Ricky can actually discuss with others
their real-life problem. He obviously needs social and family support of his
schizotypal personality disorder.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-12032984155061094012012-10-29T01:57:00.001-07:002012-10-29T01:57:23.908-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: Girl, Interrupted <br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Girl, Interrupted</span></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://i2.listal.com/image/159330/936full-girl,-interrupted-poster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst">
<a href="http://i2.listal.com/image/159330/936full-girl,-interrupted-poster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://i2.listal.com/image/159330/936full-girl,-interrupted-poster.jpg" width="272" /></a><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:</span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> This film is about a teenage woman, Susanna, who was put
in a mental institution because of her suicidal attempt, aspirin overdose with
vodka. She spent almost a year there, making friends with all kinds of
different patients and experiencing many hard times including watching the
result of her best, social path friend’s, Lisa, shock therapy or worst,
witnessing her suicidal friend hanging dead. To get out of there, she soon
learned to corporate, follow rules, and started to open up; she eventually was
discharged. Throughout the movie, Susanna’s Borderline Personality Disorder was
clearly presented.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disorder:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Borderline
Personality Disorder</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is a personality disorder characterized
by repeated impulsive behavior, instability in interpersonal relationships,
self-image, and moods. People with BPD have history of intense volatile
relationship, low tolerance for frustration and being alone, and drastic
reaction over small provocation. Self-mutilation and suicide attempt are
common. They may have transient episode of psychotic like symptoms or have
overlap symptoms for mood disorder (Comer, 2010) (Student Notes).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From
the movie, Susanna was very impulsive. She had sex with the husband of her
mother’s friend, kissed with the security guard, and had casual sex with two
people in the same day while she was in the mental institution. She also stole
her medical record, broke out of the hospital, tongued her medication, and
drugged a nurse there. These spontaneous behaviors are some of the signs.
Moreover, she does not really know who she is and had hard time being herself.
She showed repeated unstable self-image that can be observed as she alternate
from moment of self-acceptance to moment of extreme depression and confusion,
for example, when she refused to get out of bed when Lisa left. The reason
Susanna was in the mental institution in the first place was aspirin overdose with
alcohol. This suggests her suicidal attempt. In the early scene, she had severe
bruises on her hands showing self-mutilation. Furthermore, her beliefs that she
had no bones in her hand and that her bone were constantly disappearing and
reappearing clearly showed her transient episode of delusion. Last but not
least, she has unstable interpersonal relation. For example, she goes from
thinking that Lisa is the perfect friend to hating everything about her, then
back to wanting that friendship again.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Causes:</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lower
brain serotonin activity is linked with Susanna’s impulsive and suicidal
behavior. Also, close relatives of people with borderline personality disorder
are five times more likely than general population to have the disorder (Comer,
2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Early lack of parental acceptance caused the disorder. Susanna could have been
neglected and rejected by her parent as child, and this could lead to inability
to cope with separation out of a fear of abandonment tortures (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sociocultural</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
– Her culture undergo rapid change and loses it stability so it inevitably
leave her with identity problem, feeling of emptiness, high level of anxiety,
and fear of abandonment (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Antidepressant
and antipsychotic (lithium and Prozac are common) can help calm the emotion and
aggression of people with BPD (Student Notes).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapted Psychotherapy –
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This
may help improve people with BPD by reducing their dependency.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cognitive behavioral therapy – </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BPD specific one that encourage patients to accept the negative affect
without engaging in maladaptive or self-destructive behaviors.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-29963354616505558042012-10-29T01:50:00.004-07:002012-10-29T02:18:53.049-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: Take Shelter<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Take Shelter</span></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Rk0aiuVL-vwvuYc7dZqQG8BSh0JTVfXLdgxTMoP5p5fg7G6iPQrdISjEPw1YGWqbjfwpM-d69txMRC0PA_DtV1QnGsZkOwohG7dsf2ugYDWDtO_Y7KQL-H2x_A1CLy5k-H8pL__1xUxM/s1600/Take-Shelter_7874_13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Rk0aiuVL-vwvuYc7dZqQG8BSh0JTVfXLdgxTMoP5p5fg7G6iPQrdISjEPw1YGWqbjfwpM-d69txMRC0PA_DtV1QnGsZkOwohG7dsf2ugYDWDtO_Y7KQL-H2x_A1CLy5k-H8pL__1xUxM/s320/Take-Shelter_7874_13.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b style="line-height: 150%;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:</span></span></u></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> This is a story about a construction worker, Curtis, who
lived with his wife and his deaf daughter, Hannah in a small town of Ohio. His He
had a fulfilling life until one day he experienced reoccurring, terrifying,
getting worse-and-worse nightmares and day visions of the coming tornado,
bringing harm to all his love ones. He kept everything to himself while
redirecting his anxiety into the obsessive building of expensive tornado
shelter in his backyard, resulting in the strains to his family, marriage, and
most of all how society perceive him. Take Shelter gradually portrayed Curtis’s
condition of Brief Psychotic Disorder.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disorder:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Brief
Psychotic Disorder</span></i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is the presence of delusions
and hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior. Distinguishing features is
that it last for more than one day but less than one month, like a time-limited
and non-reoccurring schizophrenia (Student Notes).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">From the movie, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Curtis was out of touch
with reality and was not able to separate his dream sequences from reality
anymore because they become more and more vivid and real, leaving him physical
effects such as bedwetting, seizure, pain, bleeding, and injury. Those
nightmares include a huge tornado approaching, his own dog attacking him, his
colleague and his wife violently attacking him, invaders kidnapping his
daughter. Eventually his dreams came to dictate his waking actions as paranoia.<span style="background: white;"> </span>He also experienced auditory and visual
hallucination. He heard claps of thunders, saw groups of dark scary-looking
clouds from time to time throughout the movie and saw thousands of migrating
birds and bats when no one else does. Strange and maladaptive behaviors include
his obsess with renovating the tornado shelter, spending all his savings for
the daughter’s education, taking away health insurance money that was supposed
to be for the daughter’s surgery, taking out unable-to-pay-back loan from the
bank. He also borrowed large tools from construction job that made him ended up
getting fired. Last, the whole movie demonstrated<span style="background: white;">
that the disorder does not last more than a month, as an evidence for his brief
psychotic disorder. According to my interpretation, the huge storm finally
happened because of the wife reactions toward the end when she really saw the
approaching tornado, proving that it was not the Curtis’s delusion. His
condition could be cured afterward, if not, then that could be progress to be
schizophrenia.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Causes:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Curtis clearly have inherit that biological
predisposition to psychotic disorder from his mother who paranoid schizophrenic.
The disorder developed later in his adulthood after facing stressors including
the daughter deafness, finance difficulties, etc. (2) Also, He could have
abnormal activity or interactions of neurotransmitters like dopamine and
serotonin.</span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cognitive – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">People develop delusional thinking when they
try to understand their unusual experiences, strange biological sensation.
Curtis start with experiencing nightmares and vision and related hallucinations
as a result from biological sensation, and later try to understand and make
sense of those strange sensations, and eventually develop into
misinterpretations and delusion that the terrible thunderstorm is really coming.</span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">According to Freud, it develops from the
regression to a pre-ego stage and effort to reestablish ego control <w:sdt citation="t" id="4786782"><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CITATION Com10 \l
1033 <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Comer, 2010)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--></w:sdt>.</span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Antipsychotic drugs can reduce delusion and hallucination those symptoms.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychotherapy – <i>Cognitive behavioral therapy</i> (CBT) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is to guide patients to more accurate
interpretation of their experiences. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Family & Social Therapy</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> can also be very effective. People with the disorder can
actually discuss with others their real-life problem.</span></span>Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-76144217299521089052012-10-29T01:45:00.000-07:002012-10-29T02:21:34.701-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: The Dangerous Method<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Dangerous Method </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst">
<a href="http://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/A-Dangerous-Method-Poster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/A-Dangerous-Method-Poster.jpg" width="232" /></a><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> This film is about the emergence of psychoanalysis, the intense
relationship between the psychiatrists Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud, and more
centrally on the affair between the married Carl Jung and his Jewish-Russian
patient Sabina Spielrein. As Sabina was being treated, Sexual Masochism and
Conversion Disorder (Hysteria) was well portrayed throughout the movie.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Disorder:</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sexual
Masochism</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is a paraphilia characterized by intense and
repeated sexual urges, behaviors, or fantasies that involve pain and
degradation, for examples, by being beaten, bound, humiliated, or otherwise
made to suffer (Comer, 2010). Most masochism begins in childhood but the urges
acts out later during early adulthood, especially in the time of stress, and it
may continue for many years (Comer, 2010). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From
the movie, Sabina could always recall her first time being beaten by her father
when she was about four. That time, she broke a plate, then her father told her
to go to the little room and take her cloth off, there, he would spanked her
hard but Sabina would always liked it, it always excited her, and she continued
to like it more and more. Later on, every time she was called to that little room,
she would get wet, some sort of arousal, and she would start touching herself.
Moreover, at the scene when Sabina dropped Jung’s coat, Jung picked it up and
clean it by hitting the coat with a stick. That time, Sabina immediately and
furiously stopped him because it also excited her, making her masturbate at that
night. Furthermore, Sabina always seek for humiliation, any kind of
humiliation. When Jung had a secret affair with Sabina, Sabina told him that
they have a different thing, that she wanted him to be furious at her,
humiliate her, and punish her. In many scenes with Jung and Sabina having
sexual intercourse showed that Sabina love it when Jung spanked her buttock
with his hand, a stick, or a belt. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Conversion
Disorder</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, also known as Hysteria, is a somatoform disorder
in which a psychosocial need or conflict is converted into dramatic physical
symptoms that affect voluntary motor and sensory function without any
underlying organic cause (Comer, 2010). Sabina showed clear physical symptoms,
primarily motor ones, at the beginning of the movie and at times of stress, she
completely lost control of the movement—her lower jaw would unintentionally
stick in and out, her fingers and hands uncontrollably grasped tightly, her
elbows, arm, and body involuntary move around, back and forth, with every part
of her muscles seemed uncontrollably tense, tighten and stiff. She was in a
very torturous posture.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Causes:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">She
might have nervous system prone to errors in targeting (Student Notes).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Behavioral
–</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Sabina sexual masochism could develop through classical conditioning. After the
father spanked her, she was asked to kiss his hand or the father could be the
one kissing her. This may reveal the association made between pain and erotic
arousal that may have been the cause of her later masochistic urges and acts. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to the behavioral learning theory, Sabina, as a child, is the victim to observe
inappropriate sexual behaviors. She then learned to imitator and those behavior
happen to be reinforced, leading to masochism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to Freud, Sabina hysteric symptoms were caused by her sexually repressed energy
(unconscious desired). Her primary gain of those symptoms is to keep her
internal conflict out of awareness. She could also achieve secondary gain from
them that enable her to avoid responsible, unpleasant activities or to receive
attention, sympathy, or even financial compensation from others (Student Notes).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cognitive –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
The purpose of the conversing emotion into physical symptoms is not, like
psychodynamic, to defend oneself but to communicate extreme feelings of, for
examples, fear depression, jealously, guild, anger, etc, into a more
comfortable physical language for her (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Antianxiety
and antidepressant drugs could help reduce her anxiety.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Therapists help patients
to become conscious about the underlying fear or needs and eliminate the need
to convert anxiety into physical symptoms (Comer, 2010).</span></span>Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-78937542307264765992012-10-29T01:41:00.001-07:002012-10-29T01:41:36.352-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: A Beautiful Mind <br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Beautiful Mind </span></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://swotti.starmedia.com/tmp/swotti/cacheYSBIZWF1DGLMDWWGBWLUZA==RW50ZXJ0YWLUBWVUDC1NB3ZPZXM=/imga%20beautiful%20mind2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://swotti.starmedia.com/tmp/swotti/cacheYSBIZWF1DGLMDWWGBWLUZA==RW50ZXJ0YWLUBWVUDC1NB3ZPZXM=/imga%20beautiful%20mind2.jpg" width="211" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The film is about a mathematician, a Nobel Prize winner,
John Nash and his struggles with paranoid schizophrenia from college days when
he was not even aware of it until the days he and his wife find ways to manage
it. A Beautiful Mind well portrayed it all from Nash’s condition and symptoms, treatments
and cures, his life struggles, and family struggles.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disorder:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Paranoid Schizophrenia</span></i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is subtype
of schizophrenia, a psychotic disorder in which disturbances in thought
process, perception and behavior, blunt and flat emotions, and motor
abnormalities deteriorates personality functioning (Student Notes).
Distinguishing symptom of paranoid type is illogical paranoia arises from the loss
of touch with reality that involve more systematic visual/auditory
hallucination and more organized system of delusion. Delusions of persecution,
reference, and grandeur are frequent in this type (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From the movie, John experienced many symptoms as a result of
his paranoid schizophrenia. First, John had visual and auditory hallucinations
of different people including the government agent William Parcher, his college
roommate Charles, Charles’ niece, especially the time of high stress from social
isolation, competition, etc. For example, in the scene where John was held up
in the library for days in search for original ideas reinforced high stress, it
triggered his hallucination of a playful roommate Charles who allowed him to
have a break, drink beer, play pool with his friends, who gave him words of
support, and recognition. Second, he had delusions of grandeur, persecution,
and reference. His belief of being superior to the theorists and professors to
be studied in textbooks, referring them as “lesser mortals”, showed his
delusion of grandeur. He also believed he was a spy, a code breaker who helped
U.S. government find bombs placed by the Russians and that those Russians were
after him and captured him when he admitted into mental hospital. This clearly
showed his paranoia. Last but not least, minor symptoms for paranoid
schizophrenia were shown including social withdrawal, blunt emotion, and motor
disturbances. His belief that nobody like him made him socially impaired. Also,
there are many instances in the film where John showed flat affect. One of the
best examples is when he was holding his own baby who was crying his lung out,
John do not have any response or showing any emotion at all. Motor
abnormalities include his unique ways of limping and hunch-over walking, his
low-self-esteem-like way of looking and forehead touching while talking.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Causes:</span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (1) John could inherit biological
predisposition to schizophrenic and develop the disorder later after facing the
extreme stressors of social isolation, social competition, etc. (2) Moreover,
schizophrenia is related to biochemical factor. He could have abnormal activity
or interactions of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin (Student
Notes).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">According to Freud, schizophrenic develops
from the regression to a pre-ego stage and effort to reestablish ego control <w:sdt citation="t" id="4786782"><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CITATION Com10 \l
1033 <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Comer, 2010)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--></w:sdt>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Behavioral – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Faulty
learning plays very little role in this case. This theory proposed that John
could receive little reinforcement as a child and pay more attention to irrelevant
matter. From there, his behavior appears abnormal. In college or mental
institution, he may act according to social labeling. Abnormal behaviors may be
rewards by sympathy and attention, resulting in reinforcement and eventually
are labeled as schizophrenic (Comer, 2010).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cognitive – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">People
develop delusional thinking when they try to understand their unusual
experiences, strange biological sensation. John could start with experiencing
some kind of hallucination as a result from biological sensation, and later try
to understand and make sense of those strange sensations, and eventually
develop into misinterpretations and delusion that he is being persecuted
(Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Antipsychotic drugs can reduce delusion and hallucination those symptoms.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychotherapy – <i>Cognitive behavioral therapy</i> (CBT) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">for schizophrenia is to guide patients to
more accurate interpretation of their experiences. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Family & Social Therapy</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> can also be very effective. People with schizophrenia can actually
discuss with others their real-life problem.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-81885794617740818122012-10-28T11:03:00.001-07:002012-10-28T11:04:58.224-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: Shutter Island<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/76/Shutterislandposter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/76/Shutterislandposter.jpg" width="212" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Shutter Island </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plot Summary:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> This film initially tells a story about a U.S. marshal,
Teddy, who travel to the Shutter Island to investigate on the missing patient
in the asylum. Later, the film shifted and showed a brave soul trying to find
evidence to expose the Shutter Island as a place for psychosurgery experiment.
Only until the end, the whole film revealed itself that it was all about
everyone’s elaborate role-play to help Teddy with his delusional and
dissociative identity disorder.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disorder:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Delusional
Disorder </span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is persistent delusion with a non-schizophrenic
paranoid disorder in which a person nurtures, gives voice to, and sometimes
takes action on beliefs that are considered completely false or absurd (Student
Notes). Teddy showed delusion of grandiosity, saying that he was going to
uncover a mass conspiracy. He also showed clear delusion of persecution. For
example, he believed that he was being prevented from leaving the island. He
believed that the aspirin, cigarettes, and the food that he took contained drug
that made him gradually go insane so that they could eventually use him for
psychosurgery experiment.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">People
with <i>Dissociative Identity Disorder</i>, also known as <i>Multiple
Personality Disorder</i>, develop two or more distinct personalities, each with
unique set of thoughts, behaviors, emotions, and memories. Those split
personalities usually are totally opposite, cannot be integrate by patients,
and they are at some point in control. Such symptoms are not associated with
medical conditions or the use of substances (Student Notes) (Comer, 2010). From
the movie, Teddy showed several symptoms. The most obvious one is the two
extremely distinct identities in him, from a hospitalized mental patient who
murdered his wife switching to a U.S. Marshal sent there to investigate the
case. Moreover, he even created fictional description and environment of his
fictional identity. For example, he created fictional character, the person who
burned down their house, to take the fault of his wife’s death but in fact he
was the one murdering her. To make sense of his new identity, he also created
Rachel, a fictional character who took his 67<sup>th</sup> place in that
asylum. Last but not least, at the end of the film showed clear evidence of him
switching back to his true, primary personality who do not show paranoia,
migraine, or excessive blinking like that alter personality. He then accepted
the reality and admitted what he did to his wife.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Causes:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Excessive
repression, the ego defense mechanism, from traumatic events or experiences such
as the murder of Teddy’s family and the WWII against Nazi has caused the
disorder. Teddy try to fight off from bad impulses by unconsciously prevent
them to reach awareness and assign other personality.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Behavioral – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teddy
developed the disorder as an avoidance response that protects him from the
stressful events and traumatic memories of his children and wife murder by creating
an alter personalities so he did not need to consciously confront those painful
memories.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Little treatment is
known as the disorder is extremely complicated. Therapists could:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Stabilize &
recognize the disorder</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> – stabilize by bonding with
different identities and educate them to recognize the nature of their disorder<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Recover the memories
– </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">working
through trauma, connecting real life events, identities<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. Post integration
therapy </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– merge all the different alter personalities into
one integrated identity (Comer, 2010) (Student Notes).</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9002954916105651562.post-52675577763825016552012-10-28T10:49:00.000-07:002012-10-28T10:57:27.772-07:00Psychopathology Film Analysis: Black Swan<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt;">Black Swan </span></b></h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.mentorless.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Black-Swan-movie-poster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.mentorless.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Black-Swan-movie-poster.jpg" width="216" /><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"> </span></b></span></a></div>
<h4>
<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><u>Plot Summary:</u></span></b></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> This film was about a ballerina, Nina, who was obsessed
with having a dual role, the Black and White Swan, during a production of Swan
Lake. Because of her personality, no one think turning into a seducing Black
Swan was possible for her. Her striving for perfection has turned her to be
more and more mentally disturbed. She finally embodied and perfectly danced as
the swans, however, she ended up killing herself for it. Schizophrenia
accompanied with Eating Disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) was well
portrayed in this character.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<h4>
<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><u>Disorder:</u></span></b></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Schizophrenia</span></i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is a psychotic disorder in
which disturbed thought processes, distorted perceptions, unusual emotions, and
motor abnormalities deteriorates personality functioning <w:sdt citation="t" id="253171558"><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CITATION Com10 \l 1033<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Comer, 2010)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--></w:sdt>. Common symptoms
include delusion, hallucination, and other disturbances in thought, perception
and behavior, inappropriate affect, blunt and flat emotion, and impaired social
skills (Student Notes).</span><b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">From
the movie, Nina slipped away from reality in various ways. She suffered a lot
from delusion persecution, and that Lily was after her, replacing her role
after a night out together. Moreover, her visual hallucinations were very
obvious. For example, she saw faces in the paintings and stuff animal in her
bedroom were moving and alive. She often saw another version of herself in the
subway. She saw herself transforming into a Black Swan with blood around her finger
nails, growing feathers, webbed feet, and elongated neck. Also, she
hallucinated herself having sex with Lily, later violently fight with her, and
killed her. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Eating
Disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is other eating disorders that cannot
be diagnosed as anorexic or bulimic due to missing symptoms. She showed some
symptoms of anorexic nervosa. She has intense fear of gaining weight by turning
away from the cake her mother bought to celebrate her Swan Queen role. She has
disturbed body perception, always seeks for perfection, and not very social. She
also showed some symptom of bulimia nervosa, for example, she had recurrent
inappropriate behavior intended to prevent weight gain that is purging or
throwing up food that she ate even though it was just a simple grape fruit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<h4>
<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><u>Causes:</u></span></b></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Nina could inherit biological predisposition
to schizophrenic and eating disorder. She develop the disorder later after
facing the extreme stressors of highly stressful competition, relationship
conflict with mother, being a sexual harassed by the director, etc. Moreover,
schizophrenia is related to biochemical factor. She could have abnormal
activity or interactions of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin
(Student Notes). The ecstasy that she took could also be a powerful
hallucinogen that triggered psychotic occurrences.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychodynamic – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">According to Freud, schizophrenic develops
from the regression to a pre-ego stage and effort to reestablish ego control.
Disturbed mother-child interactions lead to serious ego deficiencies in Nina to
severe perceptual disturbances that eventually produce eating disorders <w:sdt citation="t" id="4786782"><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CITATION Com10 \l
1033 <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Comer, 2010)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--></w:sdt>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cognitive – </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">People
develop delusional thinking when they try to understand their unusual
experiences, strange biological sensation. Nina could start with experiencing
some kind of hallucination as a result from biological sensation, and later try
to understand and make sense of those strange sensations, and eventually
develop into misinterpretations and delusion that she is being persecuted, and
turning into Black Swan in order to perfect (Comer, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<h4>
<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><u>Treatment:</u></span></b></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biological –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Antipsychotic drugs can reduce delusion and hallucination those symptoms.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychotherapy – <i>Cognitive behavioral therapy</i> (CBT) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">for schizophrenia is to guide patients to
more accurate interpretation of their experiences. For eating disorder, focus
on social deficits, normalizing eating patterns by changing her behaviors and
thought process.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Family & Social Therapy</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> can also be very effective. People with schizophrenia can actually
discuss with others their real-life problem.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Sarina.xionhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04982721526903348086noreply@blogger.com0